Testosterone affects female CD4+ T cells in healthy individuals and autoimmune liver diseases Understanding Hormone Testing and Replacement for Women with Dr Deborah Matthew Understanding testosterone levels by age empowers you to monitor changes and take proactive steps to maintain hormonal balance. Whether through lifestyle adjustments or medical interventions, maintaining healthy testosterone levels can enhance your quality of life and help you thrive at any age. In conclusion, abnormally low testosterone levels in women can have various causes and can lead to a range of symptoms and health problems. Age, medical conditions such as PCOS and hypopituitarism, lifestyle factors, medications, and surgeries can all contribute to low testosterone levels in women. In this model, we demonstrated that testosterone treatment was sufficient to completely suppress liver inflammation in female mice, significantly reducing recruitment and IL-17 production of CD4+ T cells. A recent study investigated the effect of androgens on cell populations in various mouse organs. This study highlighted that hepatic T cells are among the cells with the largest transcriptional differences upon androgen depletion and supplementation (11). These data provide evidence that androgens might contribute to sex-related differences in T cell phenotype and the cellular composition of the liver. In conclusion, high levels of testosterone in women can have several negative effects on health. It can impact bone health, fertility, and reproductive system function. Peak concentrations are achieved in women in their 30s and start to decline thereafter, with 60% loss occurring by menopause (5). Understanding the impact of testosterone and estrogen on various aspects of health can help women recognize and manage symptoms of hormonal imbalances, promoting overall well-being and improving quality of life. This article explores normal levels of these hormones in women and the factors influencing these levels. Testosterone is a hormone that is present in both males and females, but in different amounts. However, in certain medical conditions, females may experience abnormal levels of free testosterone. Free testosterone refers to the portion of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to proteins and is available for use by the body. While it is often thought of as a male hormone, women also have small amounts of testosterone in their bodies. It plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of muscle mass, bone density, and overall sexual function. Measuring free testosterone in females is important because it helps assess hormonal balance and reproductive health. Abnormal levels of free testosterone can affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and overall wellbeing in women. In conclusion, measuring and testing free testosterone levels in females can be done through various methods such as blood tests, saliva tests, and urine tests. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate method for measuring and testing free testosterone levels in females. Personal experiences from women can also provide insights into the effect of age on free testosterone levels. Elevated testosterone levels in women may also lead to carbohydrate intolerance that increases weight gain, insulin resistance, high LDL and